Two boys

It is a lean year for polar bear cubs, only two born and surviving in zoos worldwide. Welcome to one little boy in Novosibirsk Russia, and to another little boy in Akita Japan. 

Momo's cub - photo from Oga Aquarium, Akita Japan

Momo and Gota became parents on December 4 in Oga Aquarium in Japan, to twins. One passed away in the first days, but the second twin was a strong little boy and survived.  Just announced, his name is Momota, a combination of his parents' names. 

Gerda's boy - photo by Novosibirsk News

Gerda and Kai's cub, born on December 7 in the Novosibirsk Zoo in Siberia,  remained a secret for many months, although many suspected because there was "police tape" around Gerda's enclosure to keep things calm and quiet. The cub is another boy. His name has been announced as "Umka."

Fewer cubs worldwide in zoos this year

No cubs were born in the USA this year, and also none in European zoos.  Last year, eight zoo cubs were born worldwide, including three in Japan, and one in Europe. None in the USA for the past three seasons, not since Crystal had her twins Kallik and Kallu in Toledo in 2022.

The chart below was posted in the Gelsenkirchen Zoo in Germany ten years ago, to show just how many cubs are usually born, and how many survive. The white blocks are those surviving, and the black blocks are those who are born but did not live. In general, in zoos and in the wild, the survival rate of cubs is about 50 percent, for they are born so unfinished, something that seems to be necessary for life in the Arctic. Only the most robust survive.

The zoo population of polar bears is coordinated and regulated carefully, to ensure that cubs born will have a zoo to go to when they grow up.

For the past few years, the European coordinators have moved many bears to just boys or just girls groups, so that we won't have more cubs than we can handle. Only a few breeding couples are approved.

Last year, there were eight cubs born in zoos worldwide.

Only one cub was born and survived in Europe, that of Nuka and Kap in Karlsruhe. It was twins, but only one lived and that would be Mika, a boy. And none in Europe this year.

Last year, in addition to Mika born in Karlsruhe, there was one girl cub (Nur) born in Sao Paulo Brazil, twin boys (Jorek and Ootek) born in Sosto Hungary, a girl cub named Parma born in Perm Russia, and three born in Japan. The Japanese cubs last year are a boy Rai, and Paula's twins Sora and Umi, a boy and a girl.   

While Europe is carefully controlling its population, the USA zoos are in a drought for cubs. For various reasons, the few fertile females we have are not giving birth. Belgium born Crystal in Toledo, who has produced so many of our current younger generation, is now too old to be expected to make any more babies. Two of her daughters, Suka in Detroit and Aurora in Columbus, have had cubs and very likely will again.

 

Gerda's cub - photo by Novosibirsk News

Momo and Gota's cub - Photo by Hasumi Nobuo

Momota in Japan - his family tree

Momo and Gota's club was born in Oga Aquarium in northern Japan on December 4. 

Mother Momo (Peach) was born in Osaka in 2014 to beloved bears Baffin and Gogo, both of whom have just passed away in recent months.  

Some American bears are cousins of Baffin, having descended from Baffin's sister Chinook. Baffin was born in Sweden in 1991 to American born mother CW, and father Imarec. CW, born in Memphis, was daughter of Bruno, who was also father of Chinook of Hogle Zoo. Chinook was mother of Rochester Aurora, Denali of Japan, Berlin's mate Bubba, Buffalo/ Cincinnati/Detroit Anana, and twins Kiska and Koluk of ABQ Biopark. The next generation includes Luna, Lee, NC Anana, Haley and Anoki.

Many European bears are also related to Momota, bears descended from CW, including CW's granddaughter Freedom and all her cubs, CW's daughter Ilka of Skandinavisk Dyrepark and her cubs, and CW's son Manasse of Finland, father of Ranzo of Vienna and Sisu of YWP.

Gogo was a most beloved bear, famed for his silly antics and big personality. It was especially tragic that he died under anesthetic for transport, so he could breed yet again.  Gogo was born in Perm in 2004, to Anderma and Yukon. His brother Permjak was the father of Pim, who is the father of Nur in Sao Paolo last year, and also Milka, the mother of Parma in Perm Zoo last year. 

In addition to Momo, Gogo was also the father of two children in Japan with Shilka: daughter Hochan in 2020 and son Rai last year. 

Momoto's grandparents Gogo died February 8, 2026 and Baffin died on March 20, 2026. 

Baby Momota's father Gota was born in 2003 in Moscow to Murma and Untai. In 2020 he became father of Fubuki with the mother being Yuki. 

Gota is brother of the famous Raspi, who is now in Hamburg. Raspi is the father of the late Hope, and also Flocke's triplets Indie, Yuma and Tala, now in UK wildlife parks. Gota's brother Kap, father of Anouk of Hamburg and Mika of Karlsruhe, recently died. Gota is also brother of Boris (Ivan) of Copenhagen and Skandinavisk Dyrepark, where he is the father of Nuna's twins.  

Gerda and her cub - photo by Sergie Iltyakov

Gerda's cub Umka - family tree

Gerda and Kai's cub Umka, born in Novosibirsk Zoo, is their seventh cub, after Shilka (in Japan), Rostik (somewhere in China), twins Shauna and Nordi,  and twins Belka and Strelka. Shauna has moved to Izhversk Zoo in Russia. Belka, Strelka and Nordi are still in Novosibirsk.

Gerda was born in Moscow in 2007 to Simona and Wrangel. 

She is the granddaughter of the famous Uslada and Menshikov, who produced 16 cubs altogether. Uslada's daughter Simona, who is still alive, produced 13 cubs. With so many polar bears related to Gerda and Kai, their genes are well represented both in Russia and in Europe, and while we are happy about a new cub, his bloodline does not add much to the gene pool. It is a shame that we cannot bring some of these polar bears to US zoos, where we could use such genes.   

Father Kai (Krassin) was born in St. Petersburg in 2007 to Uslada and Menshikov. So Kai is Gerda's uncle.

Gerda and her cub - photo by Arkady  Laptenko

Thank you to the photographers whose photos I have borrowed for this story.  I wish I could be there myself. 

Polar bear cubs have names (updated)

The eight polar bear cubs born this past birthing season have passed the half year mark, and all now have their names. The eight cubs include two sets of twins, and four single cubs. There are five boys and three girls. Three of the cubs live in Japan. Alas, no cubs in the US zoos this year. As I have not visited any of the new babies, I have borrowed photos from the zoos' facebook pages, and also I send thanks to several friends who have been lucky enough to visit some of the cubs and allowed me to share their photos here. 

Mika and Nuka in Karlsruhe Germany. Photo by Petra Ballon.

Mika in Karlsruhe. Photo from zoo's facebook page.

MiKa, a little boy pronounced MeeKah, was born in Karlsruhe on November 2 to Nuka and Kap. Nuka gave birth to twins outside the den, but in a sheltered part of the mother-cub enclosure. Polar bear babies are fragile and have a 50 percent survival rate in the wild and in zoos, but these babies were even more at risk because they were not safely in a den. But one of the cubs did survive. Mika is doing well, and is now exploring the large enclosure with his mom Nuka, who was born in Aalborg. Mika's father Kap is unwell, and at the moment is resting inside. MiKa's name includes the Ka for Zoo Karlsruhe.

Mika's mother Nuka is half sister of the late famous Knut, as they share the same father Lars. So Mika is Knut's nephew.

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Milka (Yumki) and her cub in an early photo provided by the zoo.

Milka (Yumki) and Seridu had a girl cub in Perm Zoo in Russia on November 15. There has not been a lot of information about this little family. I do have an update, thanks to a friend in Russia. I have just found out that her name is Parma!

Milka is half sister of Pim, father of Nur, the cub in Brazil, on their mother's side. Milka is also half brother of Gogo, father of new cub Rai in Japan. 

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Shilka and Rai. Photo from the zoo's facebook page.

A boy named Rai was born November 18 to Shilka and Gogo in Yokohama Zoorasia in Japan. Rai is the second cub for the couple. Their first cub was Hochan, who lives in Tennoji Zoo in Osaka.

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Nur and Aurora - Aquario de Sao Paulo facebook page

On November 25, wildborn Aurora and Russian born Pim had a girl who was quickly  named Nur in The Aquarium of Sao Paulo, Brazil. She is the only cub born in the Western Hemisphere this year, also also the Southern Hemisphere. Aurora and Pim both came from Russia originally. This is their first cub.

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Jorek and Ootek at play in Sosto Hungary
 Photo from the zoo's facebook page 

A kiss for mama Sznezsana, - photo from the zoo's facebook page - 
Monika Czombané Nádasdi

Sznezsana nursing her boys - photo from the zoo's facebook page
Monika Czombané Nádasdi

On November 27 ,  Moscow born Sznezsana and Vienna born Lloyd had twin boys Jorek and Ootek in Nyíregyházi Állatpark (Sosto Zoo) in Hungary. 

Jorek is named for the armored "panzerbear" in the Golden Compass books and movies. Ootek is an elderly Inuit character in the movie "Never Cry Wolf."

The boys' father Lloyd is also the father of Lale, Lili, and twins Anna and Elsa born in Bremerhaven Germany. Lloyd is the grandson of Aika of Tierpark Berlin and also the grandson of Omaha of the Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha Nebraska.

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Paula and her twins. Photo from zoo's facebook page.

Paula with daughter Sora and son Umi. Photo by Hasumi Nobuo.
You can see Paula has her grandmother Aika's big round ears.

Twins were born in Yagiyama Zoological Park in Sendai Japan on December 20 to Paula and Kai. The boy is named Umi and the girl is name Sora. Paula is the granddaughter of Aika of Tierpark Berlin. 

Umi means "sea" and Sora means "sky" in Japanese.

Eight polar bear cubs this season

For International Polar Bear Day, February 27, I have put together a story about this season's polar bear cubs, born in November and December of 2024.

For several months, we though there were only four cubs, the baby in Karlsruhe, and the three in Japan. Then just a few weeks ago, we learned of four more: twins in Hungary, a cub in Perm Russia, and a little girl in Brazil!

So now eight polar bear cubs in zoos have been announced this year worldwide, four singles and two sets of twins. Here, I try to give some family lineage, and how these cubs might be  related.

We only know the gender of three of the cubs, the boy in Karlsruhe, the girl in Brazil, and the girl in Perm, but further  announcements should be coming soon. So far, Nur in Brazil is the only one to make her public appearance, today, which is Polar Bear Day. None of the other cubs have made a public debut, but that also should be coming soon. And just one name so far, again, that of Nur in Brazil.

Family connections

Nuka and Kap's son is nephew of the famous late Knut, as Nuka is half sister, through their father Lars. 

The late famous Aika of Tierpark Berlin would have been great grandmother to both Lloyd's twins in Hungary and Paula's twins in Japan. Aika was mother of Lloyd's father Eric, and Paula's father Bjorn-Heinrich. 

The twins in Sosto Hungary are descendants of the famous American pair Olaf and Olga of the Henry Doorly Zoo in Omaha Nebraska, through their grandmother Olinka.

The cub in Karlsruhe is nephew of my favorite bear Raspi, through his half brother Kap, the father. Raspi is also great uncle of Shilka's cub, as Raspi is half brother of Shilka's mother Gerda.

Many of the cubs are descendants of Uslada, the famous mother of 16 cubs of St. Petersburg Russia.

Sisters and Brothers

Among the proud parents are (half) brother and sister Pim (Brazil) and Milka (Russia), now living halfway around the world and in different hemispheres from each other, but they do share the same mother, Maleishka. Pim was born three years before Milka, both born in Kazan.

Milka is also (half) sister of Gogo, the new father in Yokohama Japan, as they share the same father, Yukon. And Yukon is also grandfather of Pim, whose father is Milka and Gogo's brother Permjack.

Born in the wild

Two of the parents were Russian wildborn, rescued as cubs: Seriku in Perm Zoo and Aurora in Brazil.

I have given the cubs' details listed in order of date of birth. The photos of the parents are mine, the photos showing the cubs are from the respective zoos.

Nuka and Kap's son in Karlsruhe

Nuka and Kap - Zoo Karlsruhe Germany

- November 2 - It's a boy

In early November, Nuka gave birth to twins in the outside part of the mother cub enclosure in Karlsruhe. Zoo staff were not optimistic about their survival, especially because Nuka chose to give birth in a somewhat sheltered half cave, but still exposed to the elements. The single camera did not have a good view, but there were baby sounds coming from the birth area. We know now that only one cub survived, The area was cordoned off to give Nuka peace and quiet, and keepers threw in bags of straw for bedding and for barriers so the cub wouldn't fall into the drained pool. When the cub began to explore, Nuka coaxed the little one inside, to the safety of the den. That little boy is thriving, and will be seen by visitors in about two weeks.

Nuka and her twin sister Qilak were born in Aalborg Denmark in 2016 to mother Malik and father Lars, who was also the father of the famous Knut as well as Anori and Fiete. Malik's other twins are Imaq and Inuk, who have just moved to Tallinn Estonia.

Father Kap was born in Moscow in 2000 to wildborn Murma and Uold (brother of Uslada). Kap is also the father of young Anouk in Hamburg. Kap is half brother to Gota (in Japan), Boris/Ivan (in Skandinavisk Dyrepark in Denmark) and Raspi/Rasputin, who has just moved to Aalborg.

There's an American connection too, as Malik's grandfather Nanook of Copenhagen was also father of Wilhelm (Willy), the rescued circus bear in the US.,  as well as father of Corinna, mother of Wilbär.

The public can now vote for a name for the Karlsruhe cub among three: Manuk, Maximus or Mika.

anslation results

Translation resu

Milka's cub in Perm, Russia

Milka (also called Yumki) and Seriku - Perm Zoo Russia - November 15

This cub's existence was kept secret until a few weeks ago, and it was just announced that the cub is a girl.

Mother Milka was born in 2012 in Kazan. Her mother was Maleishka (sister of Uslada and Uold and others), who was also mother of Pim, father of the Brazil cub. So Pim is Milka's half brother. Milka's father was Yukon, who was also the father of Gogo, father of Shilka's newest cub in Japan. 

The cub's father Seriku was born in December of 2012 in the wilds of Northwestern Siberia, on the island of Bely, and found alone.  He has been in the Perm Zoo since he was rescued in August of 2013. Milka arrived in Perm several months later, so the youngsters grew up together and are devoted to each other. This is their first cub.

Shilka and Gogo's cub in Yokohama

Shilka (Ichaan) and Gogo - Yokohama Zoo Japan - November 18

Shilka, born in Novosibirsk Russia in December of 2013,  is the daughter of Gerda and Kai (Krassin). Shilka and Gogo are also parents of Hochan, born in 2020.

Shilka's mother Gerda is the granddaughter of Uslada and Menshikov, and is daughter of Untai and Simona. Through her father, Gerda is half sister of Gota, Raspi, and Boris/Ivan. Through her mother, Gerda is half sister of nine other bears including Flocke's mother Vera. Kai (Krassin), the father of all of Gerda's cubs in Novosibirsk, is also son of Uslada, so he is Gerda's uncle. Gerda and Kai are also parents of Rostik, twins Shauna and Nordi, and twins Belka and Strelka. Shilka's father Kai (Krassin) has an older brother Lagodor, also called Kai, who is the father of Paula's cub. 

Father Gogo, always playing with toys and doing amusing things, was born in 2004, the offspring of Amderma and Yukon. Amderma was also mother of  Gogo's brother Menshikov, the mate of Uslada and father of many bears. Amderma was also grandmother of  Sao Paulo's new father Pim.  

Aurora and Nur in Brazil

Aurora and Pim - Sao Paulo Brazil 

- November 25 - a girl named Nur

We did not know about Nur until a few weeks ago. Just today, she made her public debut, playing in piles of snow with her mother Aurora.

Aurora and her twin sister Victoria were born in the wild in 2009. They were found at the age of 4 or 5 months near Lake Taymyr in the northern Krasnoyarsk region of Russia. They lived at Krasnoyarsk Zoo for much of 2010, then Aurora moved to Izhevsk Zoo, where Pim was already living. I have no more information on Victoria.  

Aurora and Pim were great playmates in the Izhevsk Zoo and then in 2014, the pair moved halfway around the world to Sao Paulo Aquarium in Brazil. 

Pim (Pilgrim)was born in 2009 in Kazan, to Uslada's sister Maleishka (also mother of Perm Zoo's new mom Milka born in 2012 with Yukon as the father), and Permjak (brother of Gogo, who is father of Shilka's cub). Permjak's parents were Amderma and Yukon. Pim spent a few months in Novosibirsk when he was less than a year, then a few more months in Moscow, finally moving to the Izhevsk Zoo in early 2011. A few months later young Aurora arrived in Izhevsk, and they two of them finally were moved to Brazil in 2014, where they have just now produced a cub.

This is the first polar bear cub born in Brazil. I do not know of any others ever born in South America.

Lloyd, father of the twins in Hungary,
 in 2016 in Bremerhaven.

The twins in Sosto Zoo

Lloyd and Schnezana (Sznyezsana) 

 - November 27 - Twins

Nyíregyháza Animal Park, Sóstó Zoo Hungary

The twins in Hungary were also kept secret until just recently.

Sznyezsana was born in 2014 in Moscow to Uslada's daughter Simona and wildborn Wrangel. In 2017 Sznyezsana moved to Sosto Hungary.

As daughter of Simona, Sznyezsana (there are various spellings) is sister of many bears we know, including Nord (of Aalborg), Vera, Gerda and many others. 

Lloyd was born in 2000 in Vienna to Olinka and Eric. Olinka's father Omaha was born in Henry Doorly Zoo in Nebraska to Olaf and Olga, so Paula's cubs are related to some American bears. Eric was the son of Aika in Tierpark Berlin, so he was brother to Bjorn-Heinrich, father of new mother Paula in Japan.

Lloyd has lived in Bremerhaven, Karlsruhe, Budapest and Sosto. In Bremerhaven he fathered Lale, Lili, and twins Anna and Elsa with Valeska.

Paula's twins in Sendai Japan
To me, they look like boys.

Paula and Kai - Sendai Japan - December 20 - Twins

Paula's twins were announced in January.

Paula is closely related to many bears we know in Europe. Paula was born in 2004 in Palic, the daughter of Simba and Bjorn-Heinrich. Bjorn-Heinrich was born in Tierpark Berlin in 1986, the son of the famous Aika and Gorki, and thus was the brother of Eric, a bear we are all familiar with as father of Olinka’s children and a few others. So Paula is first cousin of Lloyd, Nika, Nord, Felix, Lara, Arctos, Nanuq, Vicks, Todz and Sizzel. 

The father of Paula's cubs is another bear also named Kai  (Ladogor), also son of Uslada and Menshikov. He was born in 2004 in St. Petersburg. He is brother of the other Kai (Krassin) of Novosibirsk.

I remember that Paula was announced as having a cub last year, but nothing more was heard, so I am guessing that it did not live long.

So it was great news to hear that she had twins this year, and they are doing well.

Nuka, the new mom in Karlsruhe,
 when she was young in 2019 in Aalborg.

Kap, the new father in Karlsruhe.

Double the Birthday Fun in Toledo

 

The cubs, on the left, both want the same piece.
Crystal is in the back.

It was a Pumpkin Party weekend to celebrate birthdays at the Arctic Encounter at the Toledo Zoo. Supermom Crystal turned 26 on November 10, and her twin sons Kallik and Kallu turned two years old the next day, on November 11. On each of the two birthday mornings, the bears awoke to some pumpkin treats along with other goodies.

Crystal, on the right, and one of her sons enjoy some pumpkin.

Crystal, after having her fill of pumpkin pieces, retreated to her favorite nap spot on top of  lookout rock, while Kallu and Kallik spent both mornings making up new games, and in between they would return to the big party staging room to check out what was left of the party fixings.

Kalu, Kallik and Crystal with the watermelon at Monday's party.

It is not easy to tell the cubs apart, even though Kallu weighs considerably more, for the cubs are always on the move. So the photos here could be either one. Kallik, who has always been smaller, weighs 607 pounds, and his brother Kallu is a hefty 731. Kallu is more of a mama's boy, and tends to spend more time around his mother normally, but with all the excitement of the party, he mostly played with his brother.

Some of the leftover goodies, sweet potatoes and celery.

Crystal in the front snacks on herring.

There were pumpkins, sweet potatoes, watermelon, celery (I think it was celery), little fishies and delicious substances smeared on the birthday signs for licking.

Some cute signs for Kallu and Kallik.

Looking quite innocent, Kallik ignores the Terrible 2's sign.

The boys played a lot with the pumpkin and sweet potato pieces, dragging them outside to play both in and out of the water.

A pumpkin bowl is perfect for carrying.

Maybe this piece is too big to carry.

A waterlogged pumpkin, still tastes good.

Just a few more bites.

This is awkward.

Pumpkins make me smile.

The floating tube is a favorite toy too.

Play and a snack.

Just rolling along.

Can I get a "thumbs up" for my multi-tasking skills?

The brothers had the best time just playing with each other.

There was a lot of serious biting going on.
This is how polar bears practice their hunting and fighting skills
for later on, when they are grown.

I dare you...

I double dog dare you, come on!

Play fighting is fun.

Don't run away now!

Time for more water wrestling.

Another favorite toy is the black lid. The boys play with their lids  by the hour, flipping and diving and retrieving the silly things.

Hiding the lid in the nursing den...

Flipping the lid in the big pool...

How high can you throw this thing?

The boys are bonded, as happens with twins, and Kallu is very close to his mother. But the time for them to leave is coming soon. We don't know where they will go, or if they will go together. There is some talk that Toledo might even keep one of the youngsters, since Crystal is aging and they want to make sure their polar bear habitat has a beloved bear living there. 

These early years together are precious. They grow up so fast. And even with these busy boys, there are some quiet times together.

Crystal came down from her rocky roost for a few moments,
 and played with one of the boys, probably Kallu, since he tends to be near his mother. The outdoor viewing window was fogged up,
 making it appear to be a beautiful dream.

A pause in the water play for the brothers.

The brothers love each other. 

I drove three hours in the rain and the dark to get to Toledo on Sunday morning for Crystal's party, stayed overnight for the boy's party, then drove three hours to get home. But I wouldn't have wanted to miss this special time with the Toledo bears. Kallik and Kallu will be Crystal's last babies. She has raised nine cubs in all in the Toledo Zoo. The end of an era. I will do another post, just about Crystal's birthday and her great legacy. She's a legendary mother and a beautiful bear.